글로벌 탄소국경조정제도 확대의 농업부문 영향 및 전과정목록 구축 기반 대응 전략

As global carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAM) expand, the agricultural sector faces increasing pressure to manage carbon emissions. This study analyzes global CBAM trends, focusing on the EU implementation starting October 2023, and develops comprehensive response strategies for Korea’s agricultural sector. Through systematic analysis of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies for calculating carbon footprints in agricultural production and supply chains, the research evaluates the potential impacts of carbon border taxes on domestic agriculture. While CBAM currently applies to six sectors including steel, aluminum, and fertilizers, its expected expansion to agriculture necessitates proactive measures, as evidenced by Denmark's pioneering agricultural carbon tax announcement for 2030. The study examines advanced carbon reduction policies and technologies adopted by leading countries, including precision farming, renewable energy systems, and optimized fertilizer usage. Agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 10% of total emissions, with livestock contributing another 70%, require systematic management. The findings emphasize the need for internationally standardized LCA for agricultural competitiveness and food security. The research suggests that Korea's agricultural sector requires both technical and policy support, including the establishment of sustainability criteria and life cycle inventory databases, along with the development of quantitative evaluation methods for carbon reduction measures. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for farmer education and support systems to facilitate the transition to low-carbon agriculture, particularly considering the challenges faced by small-scale and elderly farmers. Carbon certification labels and incentive mechanisms also are recommended to encourage voluntary participation in emission reduction efforts. This study provides fundamental insights for establishing proactive responses to carbon border taxes, ultimately contributing to the carbon neutrality and sustainability of Korea's agricultural sector in the global market.