유형문화유산 3차원 측량에서 저가 LiDAR의 활용 가능성 평가

This study discusses the potential use of low-cost mobile LiDAR in 3D surveying of cultural heritage sites. Specifically, the LiDAR integrated into the iPhone 13 Pro was utilized. The resolution capability of the LiDAR was evaluated using a resolution verification target, revealing that at distances within 2.0 meters, it is possible to obtain point clouds with sufficient point density and resolution for surveying purposes. 3D surveys were conducted on architectural heritage sites and small cultural artifacts, and the results were compared with those obtained from drone and smartphone photogrammetry. When using mobile LiDAR, point clouds with higher point density than those from photogrammetry were obtained, and the final aligned shapes were similar. For architectural heritage sites, the distances between point clouds ranged from a minimum of 1.4 mm to a maximum of 70.4 cm, while for small cultural artifacts, the range was from 0.3 mm to 15 cm. In the case of architectural heritage, errors were observed at the corners of buildings with sharp movements due to the imprecise acquisition of the sensor's exterior orientation parameters, leading to significant discrepancies in point cloud distances at the end of the survey due to accumulated errors. For small cultural artifacts, the two acquired point clouds tended to match, except in some areas where the point clouds did not overlap. While low-cost mobile LiDAR can be sufficiently utilized for 3D surveying of cultural heritage, achieving precise surveying requires stabilization and precision of exterior orientation parameters, control of noise ratio in low-cost mobile LiDAR, and integration with other sensors/platforms.