A Comparative Study of Biologically and Chemically Fabricated Synthesized AgNPs’ Supplementation with Respect to Heat-Shock Proteins, Survival, and Hatching Rates of Chicken Embryos: An In Ovo Study

The present study examined the characterization and concentration of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra (BOL, commonly known as red cabbage) extracted AgNPs (BOL-AgNPs) and chemically (CHE) synthesized AgNPs (CHE-AgNPs) in chicken embryos through in ovo injections. We investigated the effects of both AgNPs on the survival, hatchability, body weight, and expressions of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). The BOL-AgNPs and CHE-AgNPs at (T1) amounted 100, at (T2) 1000, at (T3) 2500, and at (T4) 5000 µg/100 µl/egg, respectively through in ovo injections. At the end of the experimental period, the body and liver weights of the chicks were altered between the groups and among the concentrations. The serum levels of SGOT and SGPT were significantly increased at BOL-T3 and -T4. Survival and hatching rates were more reduced in the BOL-T3- and -T4-treated groups than at BOL-T1 and -T2. Nevertheless, they were more diminished in the CHE-AgNPs than in the BOL-AgNPs. The CHE-AgNPs revealed the presence of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities, in contrast to BOL-T4. The mRNA and protein expressions of HSP-60 and 70 in the liver were higher in CHE-AgNPs than in BOL-AgNPs. Hence, plant-synthesized AgNPs are superior in ovo nano-nutrition carriers of nutrients without toxicity than CHE-AgNPs.