Adaptive error compensation for low error fixed-width squarers

In this paper, we present a design method for fixed-width squarer that receives an n-bit input and produces an n-bit squared product. To efficiently compensate for the truncation error, modified Booth-folding encoder signals are used for the generation of error compensation bias. The truncated bits are divided into two groups (major and minor) depending upon their effects on the truncation error. Then, different error compensation methods are applied to each group. By simulations, it is shown that the proposed fixed-width squarers have lower error than other fixed-width squarers and are cost-effective.