Advances in antimicrobial agents based lysosomes

The emergence of drug resistance in common bacteria and the rapid emergence of new infections have motivated the need for the development of eco-friendly agents that do not contain any organic or inorganic material. The development of therapeutic agents which are able to remove or treat bacteria and cancer cell is very important and it should be very rapid, cost effective and nontoxic. Lysosomes are important against all other subcellular constituents due to their polymorphism as well as their involvement in both physiological and pathological processes. Lysosomes, which generally contain 50–60 hydrolases that constitute the cellular site for bulk macromolecule degradation, function to mediate several processes in the cell. They are single membrane bound cytoplasmic organelles involved in the degradation of intracellular protein. Lysosomal enzymes in lysosomes can be used as endocytosis for inhibiting bacteria phagocytosis as well as in antimicrobial activity. Many attempts have been made to increase the lysosomal activity by using different sources and significant changes have been observed in lysosome activity under starvation condition of reduced glucose. The treatment of some of the reagents and optimized aging cell with cell passage has also been used to evaluate an increase in their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of lysosomes with various bacteria extracted from different sources has been observed. In the present review, the antimicrobial activity of lysosomes isolated from various sources such as human, bacteria and animals against different microorganisms has been discussed.