An update on endodontic microsurgery of mandibular molars: A focused review

Endodontic microsurgery is a highly predictable treatment option in most cases when conventional endodontic treatment is not feasible. Nevertheless, mandibular molars are still con-sidered by clinicians to be the most difficult type of teeth, with the lowest success rate. In recent years, endodontic microsurgery has been attempted more frequently with the emergence of modern cutting-edge technologies such as dental operating microscopes, various microsurgical instruments, and biocompatible materials, and the success rate is increasing. This review describes the current state of the art in endodontic microsurgical techniques and concepts for mandibular molars. Notably, this review highlights contemporary equipment, technology, and materials.