Anatomy and Biomechanics

The thumb is smaller and thicker than the other fingers but has always been represented as the pillar of the hand. The human thumb has evolved in the direction of increasing mobility and strength, although the stability is relatively lost in the evolutionary process. Thus, by performing the unique function of the thumb such as prehension, opposition, and circumduction, the hand enables not only fine and delicate tasks but also gross and powerful movements. This unique function of the thumb is partly due to the special arrangement of its bony column and associated muscles. Therefore, an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the anatomical features and biomechanics of the thumb provides a more accurate understanding of the diseases and traumas that occur on the thumb and will help hand surgeons to do more effective treatment.