@inbook{0bb908d34817453ba368aaf49dcd49ee,
title = "Biofabrication Strategies for Tracheal Reconstruction: Conventional, 3D, and 4D Bioprinting Approaches",
abstract = "Tracheal reconstruction is a major challenge due to the complex structure and mechanical demands of the trachea. Conventional surgical methods often face limitations in mechanical stability and tissue integration. Advanced biofabrication strategies offer promising alternatives, from non-3D-printed scaffold-free and scaffold-based approaches to 3D printing and 3D bioprinting using extrusion or digital light processing. Emerging 4D printing further enhances graft adaptability through stimuli-responsive materials. This chapter reviews these approaches, highlighting achievements, challenges in vascularization and integration, and future directions toward clinically viable tracheal therapies.",
keywords = "3D bioprinting, 3D printing, 4D bioprinting, Acellular scaffold, Conventional fabrication, Scaffold-based, Scaffold-free, Trachea cartilage, Trachea tissue engineering",
author = "Kim, \{Soon Hee\} and Sudarshini Nath and Sol Kim and Gilson Khang and Park, \{Chan Hum\}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.",
year = "2026",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-032-30294-6\_10",
language = "English",
series = "Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine",
pages = "241--277",
booktitle = "Biofabrication in Regenerative Medicine",
}