Comparing 2D and 3D acoustic full-waveform inversion of the Snowflake baseline VSP dataset

The containment and monitoring institute field research station was established to address the challenges of interpreting changes in seismic waves resulting from CO2 injection. At this facility, a walkawaywalkaround vertical seismic profile survey for baseline data acquisition was conducted before the CO2 injection in 2018. This study aims to construct a baseline velocity model to use this data. We conduct both 2D and 3D acoustic full-waveform inversion, focusing on implementing the Basal Belly River Sandstone layer, the injection layer, with nearly identical parameter settings. We use the global correlation norm as an objective function to mitigate influences of amplitude in data matching. As a result, we successfully detected the BBRS layer and constructed a baseline velocity model through FWI. However, different trends between 2D and 3D FWI have been observed and it has been confirmed that several issues arising in 2D FWI could be effectively addressed in 3D FWI. We have concluded that 3D FWI is more suitable for constructing velocity models and conducting CO2 monitoring studies.