Complex Hadamard Matrix-Aided Generalized Space Shift Keying Modulation

In this paper, we present a complex Hadamard matrix-aided generalized space shift keying (HSSK) modulation scheme, which introduces complex-Hadamard-based signal vectors at the transmitter to provide higher spectrum efficiency than generalized space shift keying (GSSK). It also has lower maximum-likelihood detection complexity than the multiple active spatial modulation (MA-SM) and generalized spatial modulation (GSM) systems due to the corresponding fast complex Hadamard transform at the receiver. Based on the Lee distance of our signal vectors, we provide an optimized mapping between our data bits and signal vectors. We also analyze the upper bound on the average bit error rate of our HSSK system, which agrees well with the simulation results. Finally, the performance of HSSK is compared with MA-SM, GSM, and GSSK systems through Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that for the same transmission rate the HSSK system performs better than the GSM, MA-SM, and GSSK systems.