Composted Spent Mushroom Substrate of Lentinula edodes-Based Fermentation Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Bacillus subtilis BSM320 and Induces Disease Resistance in Cucumber

Ja Yoon Kim; Dae Cheol Choi; Hee Wan Kang; Bong Sik Yun

doi:10.1111/jph.70302

Composted Spent Mushroom Substrate of Lentinula edodes-Based Fermentation Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Bacillus subtilis BSM320 and Induces Disease Resistance in Cucumber

Ja Yoon Kim
, Dae Cheol Choi
, Hee Wan Kang^*
, Bong Sik Yun^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Environmental Biotechnology

Hankyong National University
Jeonbuk National University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

Abstract

The overuse of synthetic pesticides has raised concerns about environmental and health risks, prompting interest in eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, we evaluated the biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus subtilis mutant 320 (BSM320) cultured in an extract of composted Lentinula edodes spent mushroom substrate (LeCSMS), termed LeG320. LeG320 showed strong antifungal activity against major soil-borne pathogens and effectively suppressed powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fusca) in cucumber. It outperformed uncultured LeCSMS and LB-grown BSM320 in both in vitro and in planta assays. Gene expression analysis indicated that LeG320 activated salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling pathways by upregulating PR1, PR3, Lox1, Lox23, LecRK6.1 and WRKY20. Additionally, LeG320 enhanced seedling growth without affecting germination. These findings suggest LeG320 is a growth-compatible, disease-suppressive agent that supports sustainable agriculture through the valorization of mushroom waste.

Original language	English
Article number	e70302
Journal	Journal of Phytopathology
Volume	174
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.70302
State	Published - 2026.03.1

Keywords

antifungal
biocontrol agent
BSM320
composted spent mushroom substrate
powdery mildew

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10.1111/jph.70302

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@article{21afef488753481985ed839647b435aa,

title = "Composted Spent Mushroom Substrate of Lentinula edodes-Based Fermentation Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Bacillus subtilis BSM320 and Induces Disease Resistance in Cucumber",

abstract = "The overuse of synthetic pesticides has raised concerns about environmental and health risks, prompting interest in eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, we evaluated the biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus subtilis mutant 320 (BSM320) cultured in an extract of composted Lentinula edodes spent mushroom substrate (LeCSMS), termed LeG320. LeG320 showed strong antifungal activity against major soil-borne pathogens and effectively suppressed powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fusca) in cucumber. It outperformed uncultured LeCSMS and LB-grown BSM320 in both in vitro and in planta assays. Gene expression analysis indicated that LeG320 activated salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling pathways by upregulating PR1, PR3, Lox1, Lox23, LecRK6.1 and WRKY20. Additionally, LeG320 enhanced seedling growth without affecting germination. These findings suggest LeG320 is a growth-compatible, disease-suppressive agent that supports sustainable agriculture through the valorization of mushroom waste.",

keywords = "antifungal, biocontrol agent, BSM320, composted spent mushroom substrate, powdery mildew",

author = "Kim, \{Ja Yoon\} and Choi, \{Dae Cheol\} and Kang, \{Hee Wan\} and Yun, \{Bong Sik\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.",

year = "2026",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1111/jph.70302",

language = "English",

volume = "174",

journal = "Journal of Phytopathology",

issn = "0931-1785",

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}

Composted Spent Mushroom Substrate of Lentinula edodes-Based Fermentation Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Bacillus subtilis BSM320 and Induces Disease Resistance in Cucumber. / Kim, Ja Yoon; Choi, Dae Cheol; Kang, Hee Wan et al.
In: Journal of Phytopathology, Vol. 174, No. 2, e70302, 01.03.2026.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Composted Spent Mushroom Substrate of Lentinula edodes-Based Fermentation Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Bacillus subtilis BSM320 and Induces Disease Resistance in Cucumber

AU - Kim, Ja Yoon

AU - Choi, Dae Cheol

AU - Kang, Hee Wan

AU - Yun, Bong Sik

PY - 2026/3/1

Y1 - 2026/3/1

N2 - The overuse of synthetic pesticides has raised concerns about environmental and health risks, prompting interest in eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, we evaluated the biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus subtilis mutant 320 (BSM320) cultured in an extract of composted Lentinula edodes spent mushroom substrate (LeCSMS), termed LeG320. LeG320 showed strong antifungal activity against major soil-borne pathogens and effectively suppressed powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fusca) in cucumber. It outperformed uncultured LeCSMS and LB-grown BSM320 in both in vitro and in planta assays. Gene expression analysis indicated that LeG320 activated salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling pathways by upregulating PR1, PR3, Lox1, Lox23, LecRK6.1 and WRKY20. Additionally, LeG320 enhanced seedling growth without affecting germination. These findings suggest LeG320 is a growth-compatible, disease-suppressive agent that supports sustainable agriculture through the valorization of mushroom waste.

AB - The overuse of synthetic pesticides has raised concerns about environmental and health risks, prompting interest in eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, we evaluated the biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus subtilis mutant 320 (BSM320) cultured in an extract of composted Lentinula edodes spent mushroom substrate (LeCSMS), termed LeG320. LeG320 showed strong antifungal activity against major soil-borne pathogens and effectively suppressed powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fusca) in cucumber. It outperformed uncultured LeCSMS and LB-grown BSM320 in both in vitro and in planta assays. Gene expression analysis indicated that LeG320 activated salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling pathways by upregulating PR1, PR3, Lox1, Lox23, LecRK6.1 and WRKY20. Additionally, LeG320 enhanced seedling growth without affecting germination. These findings suggest LeG320 is a growth-compatible, disease-suppressive agent that supports sustainable agriculture through the valorization of mushroom waste.

KW - antifungal

KW - biocontrol agent

KW - BSM320

KW - composted spent mushroom substrate

KW - powdery mildew

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105036497668

U2 - 10.1111/jph.70302

DO - 10.1111/jph.70302

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:105036497668

SN - 0931-1785

VL - 174

JO - Journal of Phytopathology

JF - Journal of Phytopathology

IS - 2

M1 - e70302

ER -

Composted Spent Mushroom Substrate of Lentinula edodes-Based Fermentation Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Bacillus subtilis BSM320 and Induces Disease Resistance in Cucumber

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