Delivery system of bioactive molecules for regenerative medicine

It has been widely accepted that regenerative medicine as one part of nanomedicine offers an alternative technique to whole organ, tissue and cell transplantation for diseased, failed or malfunctioned body parts. To reconstruct a new tissue by regenerative medicine, triad components such as: (1) cells such as primary, adult and embryonic stem cell, (2) bioactive molecules such as hormone, cytokine, and growth factors and (3) delivery vehicles for cell and bioactive molecules must be needed. Among of these three key components, the controlled release of bioactive molecule at molecular level from delivery vehicles might be played a very critical role in products of regenerative medicine. Especially, in order to differentiation of adult stem cell to specific cell and tissue, continuous release of bioactive vehicle can act to direct the growth of cells seeded within the porous structure of the delivery vehicle or of cells migrating from surrounding tissue, eventually mimicking a natural extracellular matrix. This chapter reviews the recent advances of (i) novel method of delivery system of bioactive molecule at molecular level, (ii) differentiation of adult stem cell using delivery system, and (iii) the effect of calcitriol with delivery vehicle as well as mesenchymal stem cells on bone formation in order to approach to a more natural three dimensional environment and support biological signals for tissue growth and reorganization.