Design of a novel vector modulator

A vector modulator that controls magnitude and phase of an input signal is proposed in this article. The previous magnitude and phase-controlling circuits, composed of an attenuator and a phase shifter, permit phase and gain cross-coupling. The proposed modulator, which is comprised of low phase-shifting attenuators and 0°/180° phase shifters, can minimize the phase and gain cross-coupling, so the loci of the output signals of the vector modulator can be displayed in Cartesian coordinates.