Determination of the optimal number of coverages for the rolling of chip seals

This paper presents a method to determine the optimal protocol for rolling chip seals based on aggregate retention performance and aggregate embedment depth. To evaluate performance, the flip-over test (FOT), the Vialit test, the modified sand circle test, and the third-scale model mobile loading simulator (MMLS3) were employed. Two chip seal types (single and double) and three numbers of coverages (1, 3, and 5) were used as parameters to determine an optimal number of coverages. It was found from the aggregate retention test results and measured aggregate embedment depths that three coverages is the optimum number of coverages and the extra time needed for the two additional coverages cannot be justified.