TY - JOUR
T1 - Doping liquid argon with xenon in ProtoDUNE Single-Phase
T2 - effects on scintillation light
AU - The DUNE collaboration
AU - Abed Abud, A.
AU - Abi, B.
AU - Acciarri, R.
AU - Acero, M. A.
AU - Adames, M. R.
AU - Adamov, G.
AU - Adamowski, M.
AU - Adams, D.
AU - Adinolfi, M.
AU - Adriano, C.
AU - Aduszkiewicz, A.
AU - Aguilar, J.
AU - Aimard, B.
AU - Akbar, F.
AU - Allison, K.
AU - Alonso Monsalve, S.
AU - Alrashed, M.
AU - Alton, A.
AU - Alvarez, R.
AU - Amar Es-Sghir, H.
AU - Amedo, P.
AU - Anderson, J.
AU - Andrade, D. A.
AU - Andreopoulos, C.
AU - Andreotti, M.
AU - Andrews, M. P.
AU - Andrianala, F.
AU - Andringa, S.
AU - Anfimov, N.
AU - Ankowski, A.
AU - Antoniassi, M.
AU - Antonova, M.
AU - Antoshkin, A.
AU - Aranda-Fernandez, A.
AU - Arellano, L.
AU - Arrieta Diaz, E.
AU - Arroyave, M. A.
AU - Asaadi, J.
AU - Ashkenazi, A.
AU - Asquith, L.
AU - Atkin, E.
AU - Auguste, D.
AU - Aurisano, A.
AU - Aushev, V.
AU - Autiero, D.
AU - Azfar, F.
AU - Back, A.
AU - Back, H.
AU - Back, J. J.
AU - Shin, S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s).
PY - 2024/8/1
Y1 - 2024/8/1
N2 - Doping of liquid argon TPCs (LArTPCs) with a small concentration of xenon is a technique for light-shifting and facilitates the detection of the liquid argon scintillation light. In this paper, we present the results of the first doping test ever performed in a kiloton-scale LArTPC. From February to May 2020, we carried out this special run in the single-phase DUNE Far Detector prototype (ProtoDUNE-SP) at CERN, featuring 720 t of total liquid argon mass with 410 t of fiducial mass. A 5.4 ppm nitrogen contamination was present during the xenon doping campaign. The goal of the run was to measure the light and charge response of the detector to the addition of xenon, up to a concentration of 18.8 ppm. The main purpose was to test the possibility for reduction of nonuniformities in light collection, caused by deployment of photon detectors only within the anode planes. Light collection was analysed as a function of the xenon concentration, by using the pre-existing photon detection system (PDS) of ProtoDUNE-SP and an additional smaller set-up installed specifically for this run. In this paper we first summarize our current understanding of the argon-xenon energy transfer process and the impact of the presence of nitrogen in argon with and without xenon dopant. We then describe the key elements of ProtoDUNE-SP and the injection method deployed. Two dedicated photon detectors were able to collect the light produced by xenon and the total light. The ratio of these components was measured to be about 0.65 as 18.8 ppm of xenon were injected. We performed studies of the collection efficiency as a function of the distance between tracks and light detectors, demonstrating enhanced uniformity of response for the anode-mounted PDS. We also show that xenon doping can substantially recover light losses due to contamination of the liquid argon by nitrogen.
AB - Doping of liquid argon TPCs (LArTPCs) with a small concentration of xenon is a technique for light-shifting and facilitates the detection of the liquid argon scintillation light. In this paper, we present the results of the first doping test ever performed in a kiloton-scale LArTPC. From February to May 2020, we carried out this special run in the single-phase DUNE Far Detector prototype (ProtoDUNE-SP) at CERN, featuring 720 t of total liquid argon mass with 410 t of fiducial mass. A 5.4 ppm nitrogen contamination was present during the xenon doping campaign. The goal of the run was to measure the light and charge response of the detector to the addition of xenon, up to a concentration of 18.8 ppm. The main purpose was to test the possibility for reduction of nonuniformities in light collection, caused by deployment of photon detectors only within the anode planes. Light collection was analysed as a function of the xenon concentration, by using the pre-existing photon detection system (PDS) of ProtoDUNE-SP and an additional smaller set-up installed specifically for this run. In this paper we first summarize our current understanding of the argon-xenon energy transfer process and the impact of the presence of nitrogen in argon with and without xenon dopant. We then describe the key elements of ProtoDUNE-SP and the injection method deployed. Two dedicated photon detectors were able to collect the light produced by xenon and the total light. The ratio of these components was measured to be about 0.65 as 18.8 ppm of xenon were injected. We performed studies of the collection efficiency as a function of the distance between tracks and light detectors, demonstrating enhanced uniformity of response for the anode-mounted PDS. We also show that xenon doping can substantially recover light losses due to contamination of the liquid argon by nitrogen.
KW - Neutrino detectors
KW - Noble liquid detectors (scintillation, ionization, double-phase)
KW - Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs, CMOS imagers, etc)
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85200895495
U2 - 10.1088/1748-0221/19/08/P08005
DO - 10.1088/1748-0221/19/08/P08005
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85200895495
SN - 1748-0221
VL - 19
JO - Journal of Instrumentation
JF - Journal of Instrumentation
IS - 8
M1 - ad6432
ER -