Effect of the surface treatment and hole size of pure titanium mesh on new bone formation

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of surface modification and hole size of pure titanium (Ti) mesh on the enhancement of bioactivity and new bone formation for the dental application of guided bone regeneration. Three types of titanium meshes with different hole sizes and distributions were used for surface treatments, which were anodization, silicate pretreatment, cyclic precalcification and heat treatment. Improvement of bioactivity as a result of the surface modifications and the tendency to new bone regeneration by the different designs of titanium meshes were identified through an immersion test in simulated body fluid and an in vivo test using the rat calvarial defect model, respectively. It was confirmed that the bioactivity of the titanium mesh was enhanced through the formation of multiple layers by anodization and precalcification treatments at the initial stage after implantation of the titanium mesh, and the hole size and distribution of the titanium mesh affected the new bone formation in the bone defect with implantation period differently.