Effects of Ca ²⁺ -Activated Cl ^- Channel ANO1inhibitors on pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of cajal

Background/Aims: Anoctamin1 (Ca ²⁺ -activated Cl ^- channel, ANO1) is a specific marker of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the gastrointestinal tract, and are candidate proteins that can function as pacemaker channels. Recently, novel selective ANO1 inhibitors were discovered and used to study Ca ²⁺ -activated Cl ^- channels. Therefore, to investigate whether ANO1 channels function as pacemaker channels, selective ANO1 inhibitors were tested with respect to the pacemaker potentials in ICC. Methods: Whole-cell patch-clamp recording, RT-PCR, and intracellular Ca ²⁺ ([Ca ²⁺ ] _i ) imaging were performed in cultured ICC obtained from mice. Results: Though CaCCinh-A01 (5 μM), T16Ainh-A01 (5 μM), and MONNA (5 μM) (selective ANO1 inhibitors) blocked the generation of pacemaker potentials in colonic ICC, they did not do so in small intestinal ICC. Though nifulmic acid (10 μM) and DIDS (10 μM) (classical Ca ²⁺ -activated Cl ^- channel inhibitors) also had no effect in small intestinal ICC, they suppressed the generation of pacemaker potentials in colonic ICC. In addition, knockdown of ANO1 reduced the pacemaker potential frequency in colonic ICC alone. Though ANO1 inhibitors suppressed [Ca ²⁺ ] _i oscillations in colonic ICC, they did not do so in small intestinal ICC. T-type Ca ²⁺ channels were expressed in the both the small intestinal and colonic ICC, but mibefradil (5 μM) and NiCl ₂ (30 μM) (T-type Ca ²⁺ channel inhibitors) inhibited the generation of pacemaker potentials in colonic ICC alone. Conclusion: These results indicate that though ANO1 and T-type Ca ²⁺ channels participate in generating pacemaker potentials in colonic ICC, they do not do so in small intestinal ICC. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying pacemaking in ICC might be different in the small intestine and the colon.