Enhancing performance and stability of perovskite solar cells via CsPbBr₃ nanocrystal-assisted antisolvent engineering

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites show great potential, but their commercialization faces challenges due to instability, requiring controlled synthesis environments. Antisolvent engineering offers a solution by improving the formation of perovskite films under ambient conditions. In this study, CsPbBr₃ nanocrystals (NCs) were added to the antisolvent to enhance the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By optimizing the NC concentration and the mixing ratio of antisolvents, we systematically examined their impact on film deposition. The inclusion of CsPbBr₃ NCs improved PSC efficiency, with the highest power conversion efficiency of 19.99 % achieved at 0.01 mg/mL NC concentration. Additionally, NC-added films demonstrated better long-term stability, losing only 12.5 % efficiency after 80 days compared to a 47.1 % loss in pristine films. These results highlight the potential of NC-assisted antisolvent engineering for producing stable, high-performance PSCs.