Evaluation of fermentation waste (Corynebacterium glutamicum) as a biosorbent for the treatment of nickel(II)-bearing solutions

This research highlights the possibility of employing a fermentation industry waste (Corynebacterium glutamicum) for the removal of nickel(II) ions from aqueous solution. Furthermore, it necessitates the importance of detailed examinations on the possible differences in the biosorption performance, even for the same biomass, but from different origins. Two types of C. glutamicum, obtained from different industrial sources, were used in this study. With respect to nickel speciation and biosorption performance, pH 6 was identified as an optimal condition. Of the two types of C. glutamicum used, the biomass with excess negatively charged groups performed well in the binding of Ni²⁺ ions. To enhance the feasibility of using the biomass in column mode, as well as its reuse for multiple cycles, C. glutamicum was immobilized in a polysulfone matrix. Both the free and immobilized biomasses performed relatively well, with maximum experimental uptakes of 111.4 and 102.4 mg g^-1, respectively. An up-flow packed column loaded with immobilized biomass was employed for the removal of Ni²⁺ ions. The column performed well in the biosorption of nickel(II), and exhibited a delayed and favorable breakthrough curve, with Ni²⁺ uptake and percentage removal of 48.1 mg g^-1 biomass and 60.4%, respectively.