Evaluation of Selective Arterial Embolization Effect by Chitosan Micro-Hydrogels in Hindlimb Sarcoma Rodent Models Using Various Imaging Modalities

Purpose: Embolization is mainly used to reduce the size of locally advanced tumors. In this study, selective arterial catheterization with chitosan micro-hydrogels (CMH) into the femoral artery was performed and the therapeutic effect was validated using different imaging methods. Methods: Male SD rats (n = 18, 6 weeks old) were randomly assigned into three groups: Group 1 as control, Group 2 without any ligation of distal femoral artery, and Group 3 with temporary ligation of the distal femoral artery. RR1022 sarcoma cell lines were inoculated into thigh muscle. After 1 week, CMH was injected into the proximal femoral artery. Different imaging modalities were performed during a 3-week follow-up. Results: The tumor size was significantly (P < 0.001) decreased in both Group 2 and Group 3 (P < 0.001) after selective arterial embolization therapy. ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT revealed decreased intensity of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in tumors. The accumulation status of ¹²⁵I-CMH near the tumor was verified by gamma camera. Conclusions: Appropriate selective arterial embolization therapy with CMH was.