Factors Influencing the Quality of Life among Vietnamese Garment Factory Workers: A Quantile Regression Analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the factors influencing the quality of life (QoL) among Vietnamese garment factory workers. Methods: A survey was conducted among 270 workers measuring sociodemographic, work-related, health-related variables, depression, job control, self-efficacy, and social support. Quantile regression analyses were employed to analyze the factors affecting QoL at different levels. Results: The average QoL scores were 66.23 for men and 66.84 for women (range: 40–120). Higher education levels were associated with better QoL, whereas poor sleep quality had a negative impact across all quantiles. Working in specific departments such as quality control, ironing, and screen printing, and lower intake of fruits and vegetables were linked to reduced QoL in the 0.9 quantile. Depression significantly reduced QoL at the 0.25 and 0.9 quantiles, while job control showed a positive association with QoL at the lower quantiles. Self-efficacy was positively associated with QoL at the 0.1 and 0.75 quantiles, and social support had a consistent positive effect across all quantiles. Conclusion: Improving sleep quality, enhancing self-efficacy, and strengthening social support may help improve the overall QoL of garment factory workers. In the higher QoL group, targeted attention and support for workers in departments such as quality control and ironing, and healthy diet may be necessary. This study highlights the importance of developing policies that reflect the diverse working conditions affecting QoL and provides foundational evidence to guide future research and workplace interventions.