Graphene to improve the physicomechanical properties and bioactivity of the cements

Bioactive cement is widely used for the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues, pulp therapies, treatment of root fractures, filling of bone defects, and cementation of prostheses. These materials can provide ions, increase the alkalinity, and induce cells to differentiate and secrete mineralized matrix. Nonetheless, they often present with low fracture toughness, poor tensile strength, and weak wear resistance and other disadvantages. One promising material that can overcome some of the problems and further enhance the properties of bioactive cement is graphene. This can be used as reinforcement fillers or to modify the cementitious materials, resulting in composites with improved properties. Herein, we present the potential of graphene and its derivatives to enhance the physicomechanical and bioactive properties of cements.