Heat demand response of end users based on energy awareness level and energy-monitoring app usage

Heat energy demand response in households requires a different research approach due to its distinct characteristics compared to electricity, yet it has been relatively less studied. This study examined how energy awareness and a smartphone energy-monitoring application influence heat demand response in an apartment complex with district heating systems and smart meters for space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW). A survey assessed residents’ energy awareness, behaviors, and household characteristics. Measured heat consumption and app usage records were analyzed using statistical and machine learning methods. The results indicate that households with high energy awareness reduced their SH and DHW consumption by 8.23 % and 11.48 %, respectively, compared to those with lower awareness. Additionally, app users lowered SH and DHW usage by 5.82 % and 4.82 %, respectively, compared to non-users. High-awareness households saved energy by shortening heating hours, while app users reduced flow rates for SH. For DHW, high-awareness households reduced usage during peak times, while app users focused on daylight hours. Overall, the energy-monitoring application effectively drove demand response for both SH and DHW, promoting more efficient use and reducing waste. The findings suggest that app usage is particularly helpful for households with lower energy awareness, supporting more efficient energy use.