High-Performance Screen-Printed Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on BaTiO₃-Enhanced Copy Paper for Sustainable Energy Harvesting

This study investigates the triboelectric performance of nanogenerators based on copy paper (CP) and barium titanate (BTO) with varying concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). BTO was coated onto the paper surface via screen-printing, significantly enhancing the triboelectric properties. Results showed that as the BTO concentration increased, the output performance improved, with optimal performance observed at 15% BTO. At this concentration, the nanogenerator produced an output of 103 V and 3.6 µA. The CP/BTO nanogenerator demonstrated stable performance over 57,600 cycles at 4 Hz frequency and 40 N applied force, indicating excellent durability. The device attained a maximum power density of 32.4 µWcm², highlighting the efficiency improvement through BTO integration. Various parameters including BTO concentration, applied force, and frequency were studied to optimize device performance. The CP/BTO device successfully powered 60 LEDs and a calculator, demonstrating its potential for practical energy harvesting applications. This research presents a promising approach for developing low-cost, environmentally friendly power-generating systems for wearable and portable devices.