Identification and antigenic site analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus from pigs and cattle in Korea

From May to June 2002, a total of 16 foot-and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks due to the serotype O virus, Pan Asia strain, were recorded in Korea. The viruses were identified by antigen ELISA, RT-PCR and sequence analysis. The overall nucleotide sequence divergence of the VP1 region among the 4 isolates in 2002 was 0 to 1.4%, but between O/SKR/2002 and O/SKR/2000 isolates was 1.9-4.9%. Phylogenetic analysis with the some known strains from East Asian countries showed that the 4 Korean isolates in 2002 formed one distinct cluster, which different from clusters of Korean isolates in 2000, with in the same lineage of the ME-SA topotype strains. Deduced amino acid sequences around neutralizable antigenic site on VP1 site of O/SKR/2002 isolates were aligned and compared with other strains. At the antigenic site 1, the replacements of the critical amino acid residues at position 144 from V to L and at position 152 from A to T were observed in O/SKR/2002 viruses. For antigenic site 2 and 4, there were not significant variations in general. At the antigenic site 3, the substitutions of amino acid residues were present at positions 54 and 56 in O/SKR/ 2002 isolates and an alternative residue I at position 54 are observed only at the sequence of O/SKR/AS/2002 (cow) virus. And the substitution (L → P) of significant residue at position 144 was detected at the amino acid sequence of the O/SKR/2002 (cow) virus.