In-situ synthesis and synergistic effect of Ag/Al@SrFe₁₂O₁₉ decorated with graphitic carbon nitride: mechanistic insight of photocatalytic and antimicrobial susceptibility

Environmental hazardous compounds and microorganisms are responsible for causing infections and diseases in humans and animals, which are typically treated with antibiotics. There are several methods for purifying wastewater from harmful chemicals and microbial entities; the most well-known is antibacterial susceptibility test (AST) and photocatalytic degradation. The antibacterial activity of pure SrFe₁₂O₁₉, SrFe₁₂O₁₉@gCN, Ag_0.4/Al_0.4@SrFe₁₂O₁₉/gCN, and Ag_0.8/Al_0.8@SrFe₁₂O₁₉/gCN were examined against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram ⁺ve bacterial) strain and Escherichia coli (Gram ⁻ve bacterial) strain. The fabricated materials were analyzed to determine their morphology (SEM and Bio-TEM), structural characteristics (XRD), vibrational modes (FTIR and Raman), electron-hole recombination analysis (PL), optical properties, and XPS study. Doping resulted in a dramatic drop in PL intensity indicating suppressed charge carrier recombination rate. For heavily doped composition, the decrease in optical bandgap and change in crystallite size are caused by doping and gCN addition. SFOA1@gCN demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity with maximized inhibition zone as compared to pristine SFO SFOA1@gCN demonstrated enhanced catalytic performance and removed up to 94 % Acid Red 18 while combined effects of ions, significant crystallinity and surface charge transfer were the causes of greater efficiency. Zero charge (pH_zpc), optimization parameters, radical trapping, recycling, and Phytotoxicity were exploited for understanding the activities and effectiveness of materials. Therefore, study shows that the SFOA1@gCN nanocomposite function as an effective antimicrobial system against E.Coli and S.aureus bacterial strains and exceptional catalyst for removal of hazardous pollutants and also beneficial for environment.