Inhibition of cell invasion and migration by targeting matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via sirtuin 6 silencing in human breast cancer cells

Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) regulation is involved in carcinogenesis. However, its role in breast cancer (BC) metastasis remains unclear. We investigated the effects of SIRT6 on protein kinase C activator- and cytokine-mediated cancer cell invasion and migration in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and the association between SIRT6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. To assess MMP-9 and SIRT6 expression in patients, protein levels in BC tissues were analyzed. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell viability was analyzed using MTT assays. SIRT6 was silenced in both cell lines and protein secretion, expression, and mRNA levels were analyzed. Transcription factor DNA activity was investigated using luciferase assays. Matrigel invasion assays were used to assess the effects of SIRT6 in both cell lines. SIRT6 and MMP-9 expression in cancer tissues was significantly higher than in paired normal breast tissues. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased MMP-9 expression and cell invasion and migration, but SIRT6 knockdown abolished these effects. SIRT6 overexpression additively increased TPA- and TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression. SIRT6 knockdown suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and thus TPA- and TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression. SIRT6 silencing suppressed TPA- and TNF-α-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) expressions in both cell lines, and treatment with MAPK, NF-κB, and AP-1 inhibitors reduced MMP-9 expression. The anti-invasive effects of SIRT6 in BC cells might be mediated by suppression of MAPK phosphorylation and reduction in NF-κB and AP-1 DNA activities, leading to MMP-9 downregulation, suggesting that SIRT6 modulation has the potential to target BC metastasis.