Integrated Circuits on Fiber Substrates: State-of-the-Art System-on-Fiber Technologies for Smart Textiles and Wearables

Presents a hierarchical overview of system-on-fiber (SoF) technologies, linking materials, fabrication methods, and device architectures from single-fiber electronics to system-level intelligent textiles. Establishes a quantitative process–performance correlation framework, integrating AI-driven material optimization and comparative metrics (e.g., yield, endurance, and conductivity retention) across coating, thermal drawing, deposition, and spinning techniques. Proposes a standardization and industrial translation roadmap outlining key steps testing certification, scalable manufacturing, and modular integration to move SoF systems from laboratory prototypes to consumer-ready smart textiles.