Interaction of magnetic cobalt based titanium dioxide nanofibers with muscle cells: In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation

Titanium dioxide and magnetic cobalt based materials are one of the most attractive materials for investigation due to their dramatic photocatalytic, optical, biomedical, magnetic and electrical applications. However, there is limited or no information about the possible impact of cobalt based titanium dioxide (Co-doped TiO₂) nanofibers on muscle cells. This study focuses on the interaction of magnetic cobalt based titanium dioxide nanofibers with C2C12 cell line. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were used to evaluate the beneficial/or toxicological effects of Co-doped TiO₂ on cells. The effects of Co-doped TiO₂ nanofibers on the morphology, cytotoxicity and adhesion ability of C2C12 cells, as well as on the cell death were evaluated. To examine the in vitro cytotoxicity, mouse myoblast C2C12 cells were treated with different concentrations of synthesized Co-doped TiO₂ nanofibers and the viability of cells was analyzed by cell counting Kit-8 assay at regular time intervals. The morphological features of the cells were examined by microscopy and cell attachment with nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy respectively. Experiments indicate that the mouse myoblast cells could attach to the nanofibers after being cultured. Cell viability was determined as a function of incubation time; with increasing concentration of Co-doped TiO₂, the cell viability decreased. Thus from the obtained results it was concluded that Co-doped TiO₂ nanofibers could support cell adhesion and growth of myoblast cells, however the cell compatibility decreases with high doses and after sustained exposure.