Investigation of surface roughness and resulting cutting force for dry turning operation of different types of material using CVD coating carbide tool

In this paper, dry turning operation was carried out on four types of workpiece materials SCM420, SCM420H, SCM440 and SM45C in order to review the effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness (Ra) and resulting cutting force (F). The turning operation was conducted on the NC lathe with the CVD coated carbide inserts. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression model and main effect plot for mean were employed to investigate the correlation between responses (Ra and F) and cutting parameters. The predictive equations showed a satisfactory correlation with high coefficients of determination (R² ) from 80.76 to 98.89%. The lowest feed rate and highest spindle speed were applied to minimize surface roughness, but both were performed at level 1 to minimize the resulting cutting force. The optimal experimental conditions showed the brilliant results as the surface roughness 1 μm and resulting cutting force 39.92 N. The SCM440 steel indicated the best surface roughness responses followed by SCM420, SCM420H and SM45C steel. The SCM440 steel revealed the lowest resulting cutting force followed by SCM420, SM45C and SCM420H steel.