Lumpy Skin Disease in Bangladesh: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of LSD in Cattle

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is currently one of the most economically significant growing livestock diseases in Bangladesh due to its widespread occurrence and considerable cattle population. The goal of this study was to provide animal-level seroprevalence and risk factors for seropositivity without a history of immunization against LSDV in Bangladesh. Between October 2021 and March 2022, cross-sectional research was carried out throughout Bangladesh. Seven hundred thirty-six (736) cattle serum samples were collected, and each sample was examined using a commercial ELISA kit. The overall seroprevalence of LSD among cattle in Bangladesh was estimated as 24.59% (181/736) (95% CI: 21.62-27.83). The study found a significant variation in seroprevalence rates across different geographic areas studied. Barisal had the lowest prevalence (16.3%), while Khulna and Mymensingh had the highest prevalence (30.4%). Additionally, young animals (OR=4.97 95% CI: 2.12-8.50) and crossbred cattle (OR=2.71, 95% CI: 1.90-3.80) had a higher risk of contracting LSD infection. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation ((P<0.05)) found between the sex of the animals (male 16.57% (55/332), 95% CI: 12.95-20.94 and female 31.2%, 95% CI: 1.58-3.26) and the incidence of LSDV in cattle. However, there were no discernible (P>0.05) variations in the prevalence between lactation and LSD infection. The study suggests that LSD prevalence in Bangladesh is moderate and highlights the need for effective control measures.