Nanomaterials-Based Exosomes for the Diagnostics and Drug Deliveries of Central Nervous System Diseases

With the increasing number of patients suffering from central nervous system (CNS) diseases, there is a pressing demand to acquire dependable diagnostic tools in the early stage alongside the need for an effective plan of delivering therapeutic agents into the brain. However, owing to the complexity of the brain’s biological nature, the existing treatment strategies are insufficient to halt the CNS disease’s progression even to detect it in the early stage. Utilization of exosome is considered to tackle the problem because exosomes have received a massive spotlight as a brand-new generation of natural nanoscale in drug delivery due to their vital role in pathogenesis, specifically in the CNS. In addition, integrating nanomaterials with exosome capabilities could further alleviate the problem and increase the efficiency of disease diagnosis and treatment. Hence, this review discusses the efficacy of exosome and nanomaterial approaches to overcome the present constraints in diagnosis and therapy of CNS diseases. We anticipate that the contents introduced in this review will be valuable in developing biosensors for CNS diseases soon.