Nanotextured Tribonegative PTFE-SiO₂ Submicron Fibers for Self-Cleanable and Highly Flexible Kinetic Energy Harvester

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has emerged as a promising renewable energy technology for harvesting kinetic energy from natural sources, such as human motion and rainfall. In this study, we fabricate a mechanically robust, porous, and superhydrophobic PTFE-SiO₂ nanofiber (NF)-based TENG using a facile electrohydrodynamic spinning technique, i.e., electrospinning method. The incorporation of SiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) into the PTFE NF matrix significantly enhances the output performance, energy-harvesting efficiency, and superhydrophobic characteristics of the PTFE-SiO₂ NF-based TENG. The optimized PTFE-SiO₂ NF-based TENG achieves a maximum energy-harvesting efficiency of 102 mW·N⁻¹·m⁻², outperforming previously reported NF-based TENGs. Moreover, it successfully harvests kinetic energy from multiple natural stimuli, generating 429 μW from human interaction and 1.65 μW from water droplets. These results demonstrate the potential of PTFE-SiO₂ NF-based TENG for integration into self-powered wearable electronics and environmental energy-harvesting systems for their autonomous operation without reliance on external power sources.