Nationwide surveillance of Mycobacterium bovis infection and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis seropositivity in Korean native black goats (Capra hircus coreanae), South Korea, 2023–2024

Country-level data on caprine tuberculosis (TB) and paratuberculosis (Johne's disease, JD) are limited in South Korea despite increasing goat production. We conducted a nationwide two-stage cluster survey (2023–2024) to estimate animal- and farm-level prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis infection (interferon-gamma release assay, IGRA) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) seropositivity (indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) in Korean native black goats (Capra hircus coreanae). Blood samples were obtained from 1285 goats on 257 farms across nine provinces. Apparent prevalence was 7.5% (IGRA) and 6.9% (MAP ELISA) at the animal level; at the farm level, 24.1% and 21.0% of farms had at least one positive animal, respectively. No statistically significant provincial differences were detected, and mapping indicated only weak gradients without distinct clustering. Co-positivity at the farm level was common, suggesting shared determinants related to management and environmental persistence in multi-host production settings. These findings provide baseline estimates for risk-based mycobacterial surveillance and control in goats with broader One Health relevance.