Natural Sources and Applications of Demineralized Bone Matrix in the Field of Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is one of the most widely used materials for bone repair. Recently, different strategies in tissue engineering have been used to improve preparation of biomaterials from natural sources suitable for the use in bone regeneration. However, the application of DBM in tissue engineering is still a challenge, because the mechanical properties which are essential to bear tensile and load and the risk of transmission of disease by donor are still a matter of homework. A solution to this problem is to blend natural and synthetic polymers to complement defects and make them ideal biomaterials. An ideal biomaterial improves survival, adhesion, proliferation, induction, and differentiation of cells in the biomaterial after in vivo transplantation. In this review, we will look at the study of DBM made of natural and synthetic materials giving a direction for future research.