Nomogram for Predicting the Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Purpose: This study aimed to identify key risk factors for diabetes mellitus (DM) and develop a predictive nomogram for middle-aged adults using data from the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: The study analyzed data from 2,204 adults aged 40 to 64 years who participated in the 2022 KNHANES. Statistical analyses included the Rao-Scott x² test, complex sample t-test, and complex binary logistic regression using SPSS 26.0 software. A DM prediction nomogram was constructed based on the logistic regression coefficients. Results: DM prevalence was 10.3%. Significant risk factors included gender (men) (OR=2.71), ages 50~59 years (OR=4.88) and 60~64 years (OR=5.29), bad (OR=7.23) and moderate (OR=3.34) subjective health status, dyslipidemia (OR=4.55), abdominal obesity (OR=1.56), family history of DM (OR=3.15), and moderate physical activity (protective, OR=0.33). In the nomogram, subjective health status had the highest predictive power, followed by age, dyslipidemia, gender, family history of DM, moderate physical activity, and abdominal obesity. The nomogram demonstrated high accuracy (area under the curve=.86). Conclusion: The developed nomogram is a practical tool for early DM prediction and risk management in middle-aged adults. Targeted interventions based on key predictors can help promote healthier lifestyles and reduce the overall burden of DM.