Optimal Placement and Sizing of Battery Energy Storage Systems Based on Quantitative Evaluation of Power System Frequency Control Effectiveness

This study presents a quantitative evaluation method for determining the optimal location and required capacity of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) which is expected to be continuously installed in the power systems with a high penetration level of the renewable energy resources. For doing this, a new index, the Frequency Control Effectiveness Index(FCEI), is proposed to assess the frequency control performance of the power system by comparing the frequency distortion magnitude with the performance criteria, providing a normalized measure of the control performance. Contribution of BESS on the frequency control can be evaluated by calculating FCEI according to its installation location and system operating conditions. Additionally, a system-level index (SYS_FCEI) is introduced to comprehensively quantify the frequency control performance of various operating conditions of the power systems. By using SYS_FCEI, the optimal location and required capacity for installing BESS can be determined considering the distribution of installation locations. The proposed method was validated through intensive study cases employing Korean power system database developed in accordance with the Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand.