Practical maximum-power extraction in single microbial fuel cell by effective delivery through power management system

Power management systems (PMSs) are essential for the practical use of microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology, as they replace the unstable stacking of MFCs with step-up voltage conversion. Maximum-power extraction technology could improve the power output of MFCs; however, owing to the power consumption of the PMS operation, the maximum-power extraction point cannot deliver maximum power to the application load. This study proposes a practical power extraction for single MFCs, which reserves more electrical energy for an application load than conventional maximum power-point tracking (MPPT). When experimentally validated on a real MFC, the proposed method delivered higher output power during a longer PMS operation time than MPPT. The maximum power delivery enables more effective power conditioning of various micro-energy harvesting systems.