Preparation and evaluation of gellan gum hydrogel reinforced with silk fibers with enhanced mechanical and biological properties for cartilage tissue engineering

Various research about cartilage regeneration using biomaterials has been done recently. Particularly, gellan gum hydrogel (GG) is reported to be suitable as a biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering (TE) for its water uptaking ability, producibility, and environmental resemblance of native cartilage. Despite these advantages, mechanical and cell adhesion properties are still difficult to modulate. Reinforcement is essential to overcome these problems. Herein, GG was modified by physically blending with different lengths of silk fiber (SF). As SF is expected to improve such disadvantages of GG, mechanical and biological properties were characterized to confirm its reinforcement ability. Mechanical properties such as degradation rate, swelling rate, compression strength, and viscosity were studied and it was confirmed that SF significantly reinforces the mechanical properties of GG. Furthermore, in vitro study was carried out to confirm morphology, biocompatibility, proliferation, and chondrogenesis of chondrocytes encapsulated in the hydrogels. Overall, chondrocytes in the GG blended with SF (SF/GG) showed enhanced cell viability and growth. According to this study, SF/GG can be a promising biomaterial for cartilage TE biomaterial.