Pseudo-acoustic anisotropic reverse-time migration of an ocean-bottom cable dataset acquired in the North Sea

To improve the computational efficiency of reverse-time migration (RTM) for vertically transverse isotropic (VTI) media, various acoustic approximations of the elastic wave equations have been presented. Among these, the pseudo-acoustic wave equation, which combines differential and scalar operators, has the advantage that it does not produce shear wave artefacts. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of pseudo-acoustic anisotropic RTM (PA-RTM) for the analysis of synthetic and observed ocean-bottom cable (OBC) datasets of the Volve oil field in the North Sea. To analyse the influence of anisotropic parameters on RTM images and the sensitivity of data components to seismic anisotropy, we perform PA-RTM using synthetic data by incorporating various background models, as well as pressure wavefields and vertical particle acceleration. The synthetic experiments demonstrate that the anisotropic parameter ε plays an important role, whereas δ is negligible in PA-RTM for VTI media, and that vertical particle acceleration is less affected by seismic anisotropy than the pressure wavefields. Our experiments using observed data show that reflectors are better imaged by PA-RTM than by isotropic-RTM, particularly near the reservoir below the strongly anisotropic region, which is supported by angle-domain common image gathers. These results indicate that PA-RTM using only the vertical component is a suitable option for VTI media when insufficient seismic anisotropy data are available.