Research on the Personalized Design of Gamification Element in E-learning

Gamification refers to the application of game design elements in non-game environments for the purpose of engaging users, motivating action, facilitating learning, and solving problems. Self-directed electronic learning (SDEL) is one of the favorite learning environments for many adult learners and is an environment where gamification is often applied. However, there is still a “one-size-fits-all” approach to gamification in many e-learning environments, and most gamification is still dominated by PBL (points, badges, leaderboards). Personalization is defined as “the process of changing the functionality, interface, information content, or uniqueness of a system to increase its relevance to the individual”. Personalization gives the user a greater sense of control, and this increased perceived control is related to the level of enjoyment of the user experience. Therefore, there is a need to create a personalized design with “learner-centered” gamification elements. Through user interviews and empirical research, this paper proposes evaluation dimensions for personalized design of SDEL gamification elements from the perspective of “system-user” interaction: Rewards, Entertainment, Social interaction, and Visual appeal, and provides guidance solutions for designers of e-learning platforms to personalize the design of gamification elements.