Rosuvastatin calcium electrochemical sensor based on a sulfur doped graphitic carbon nitride modified glassy carbon electrode: A metal free analysis approach

This study explored the benefits of heteroatom doping to enhance sensor efficiency by developing a low-cost, metal-free electrochemical sensor. Melamine and sulfur powders were used as precursors in a one-step thermal polymerization technique to produce sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (S-g-C₃N₄). The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized materials were extensively analyzed using several techniques, including XRD, XPS, SEM, HRTEM, and EIS. The results show a significant decrease in impedance, indicating improved conductivity. In addition, the doping approach significantly enhanced the reduction in current receptivity compared to unmodified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄). We used differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) to instigate the electro-oxidation of Rosuvastatin calcium (ROS), as well as concentration-dependence and selectivity studies, using a sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride-modified glassy carbon electrode (S-g-C₃N₄@GCE). S-g-C₃N₄@GCE exhibited outstanding performance with an extremely low detection limit of 0.10 µM and a wide linear range (5–100 µM), highlighting its potential for highly sensitive assays and its exceptional capability to operate over a broad ROS concentration range.