Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Ge⁴⁺ ions-modified VO₂(paramontroseite)

Herein, we report, for the first time, the facile synthesis of VO₂(paramontroseite) by doping of Ge⁴⁺ ions into VO₂ via simple hydrothermal route. The synthesized materials were characterized by different techniques in terms of their structural, morphological, and thermal properties using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. It was observed that the formation of a tunnel by the octahedral arrangement of VO₆ in VO₂(P) allows intercalations of ions from ionic electrolytes, making it useful for electrochemical applications. The detailed cyclic voltammetric studies, at different scan rates, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic results showed that the VO₂(P) is a potential material for electrochemical applications.