Temporal frequency spread of optical waves propagating in anisotropic maritime atmospheric turbulence

Recently, the analytical expressions for the atmospheric-induced frequency spreads of optical waves propagating in anisotropic atmosphere turbulence were derived in our work. Meanwhile, more research also draws on the theoretical survey of maritime atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, the new expressions for the temporal frequency spreads of plane and spherical waves propagating in anisotropic maritime atmospheric turbulence are derived. Based on the new expressions obtained, the combined effects of the power law exponent, turbulence strength, turbulence scales, and the anisotropic parameter are evaluated. The analytical simulation results show that the turbulence strength and the anisotropic parameter significantly affect the curves of the temporal frequency spread. Furthermore, it is important to note that the temporal frequency spreads of optical waves in the anisotropic maritime turbulence and the terrestrial turbulence become almost identical as the value of the anisotropic parameter goes beyond five.