The stone risk factors for stone patients with hypertension

Purpose: In order to identify the stone risk factors for stone patients with hypertension, we analyzed the stone metabolic studies of stone patients with hypertension and stone patients without hypertension. Materials and Methods: Between January 1998 and December 2005, we analyzed 92 urinary calculi patients with hypertension, and we also 210 urinary calculi patients who had no history of hypertension as a control group. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg or a diastolic pressure > 90mmHg or both, or those patients who were on drug therapy for hypertension. We evaluated such metabolic risk factors as calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, uric acid, oxalate, phosphorus, the total urine volume and urine citrate level of the 24-hour urine collection, and the uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, triglyceride from the serum. Results: The mean age was 53.2±11.2 in the hypertensive group and 48.4 ±14.0 in the normotensive group. There were significant differences between the hypertensive group and the normotensive group for the body mass index (BMI) (28.7±0.9kg/m² vs 25.1±1.1kg/m², respectively), weight (73.2±3.2kg vs 67.4±2.1kg respectively) and urine calcium (262.4±21.7 mg/day vs 205.2±22.3mg/day respectively), uric acid (662.7±184.3mg/ day vs 578.3±179.2mg/day respectively). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups for total cholesterol (198.5±47.4mg/dl vs 167.1±42.5 mg/dl respectively) and triglyceride (207.5±109.5mg/dl vs 160.8±107.1 mg/dl respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher urinary calcium excretion and higher uric acid excretion appear to be the characteristic risk factors in the hypertensive group. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and an excessive BMI are also related to stone patients with hypertension.