Toxicological implications of storage conditions on yeast vacuole properties and activities

Background: Yeast vacuoles, with their multifaceted functions, have been widely employed in various studies due to the versatility conferred by the diverse array of hydrolases contained within them. These enzymes exhibit non-specific enzymatic properties, enabling a broad spectrum of applications. However, the existing literature often neglects the critical aspect of vacuole storage conditions. To augment the utility of vacuoles, it is imperative to optimize their storage conditions. Objective: This study aims to comprehensively investigate the structural and functional changes occurring in vacuoles under varying storage conditions, with a particular emphasis on their relevance to toxicological aspects. Notably, we explore the pronounced structural alterations that accompany extended storage durations post-extraction. Results: Extended storage periods are found to be correlated with notable increases in vacuole size and a reduction in structural stability. Additionally, our examination of enzyme activity reveals a substantial upregulation of protease activity in vacuoles stored for 10 days post-extraction. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of appropriate storage methods for vacuoles, particularly in the context of their potential as valuable materials that efficiently harness their antibacterial and anticancer properties, while also shedding light on their toxicological implications in the field of cellular toxicology.