Trends and Future Perspectives in Additive Modifications of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: A Scoping Review (2015–2024)

This scoping review identified commonly modified commercial calcium silicate–based cements (CSCs), evaluate additive–property trends and highlight research gaps relevant to their clinical application. Laboratory studies published between 2015 and 2024 were searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science following PRISMA-ScR. Fifty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, with ProRoot being the most frequently studied CSC. Additive modifications primarily targeted setting time, biocompatibility, antibacterial property and osteogenic differentiation. A recent shift from bioactivity-focused to physicochemical optimization was observed. Heat map analysis demonstrated distinct additive category–property associations, with metals and fluorides mainly linked to antibacterial enhancement, phosphate-based and bioactive compounds to biocompatibility and osteogenic outcomes, and commonly used setting modifiers, including calcium chloride, associated with accelerated setting. These findings indicate that single-category additive strategies are insufficient and that several CSC properties remain underexplored, supporting the need for more integrative CSC design.