Typology of Lifelong Learning Demands and Predictive Factors for Career Transitions among Middle-Aged Adults in South Korea^*

This study aims to identify distinct typologies of lifelong learning demands among middle-aged adults in South Korea who experience challenges in career transitions, and to examine the individual and contextual factors that predict membership in these typologies. Using data from a sample of 1,000 individuals, the K-means cluster analysis identified four distinct demand typologies: High Demand, Average Demand, Motivation and Network Development, and Low Demand. Additionally, multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate how specific learner characteristics— such as educational level, region, desired income level, and prior lifelong learning participation—are related to each typology. The findings highlight the need for precisely customized lifelong learning programs to support career transitions in this demographic, advancing understanding of lifelong learning needs among mid-career adults and offering policy recommendations to improve their adaptability in an evolving job market.