Urea sensing properties of Cu-doped titanate nanostructures

This paper presents the urea sensing properties of Cu-doped titanate nanostructure. Cu-doped nanomaterial was prepared using hydrothermal method at 150°C for 48 hours followed by calcination at 350°C. Thick films were deposited using screen printing technique on electropolished aluminum substrates. Morphological changes occurred from particle to mixed structure of particle and flakes during hydrothermal process. Urease was immobilized on the films by soaking in urease solution (100 units) for 5 h which is covalently attached on the surface. In general, conductivity of film increased after urease immobilization as observed in the buffer solution. The conduction linearly increases over the wide range of urea concentration i.e., 1 mM to 500 mM. Urease immobilization was confirmed from IR spectroscopy analysis of the films giving additional peaks.